Explain the Importance of Carbon Taxes for the Airline Industry

Explain the Importance of carbon taxes for the airline industry. Can Ryanair and British Airways respond in the same way? What is â€Å"Carbon Tax†? In the past, polluting was free. Generating pollution has a cost, which is a cost on earth natural environment, our economy and earth way of life. A Carbon Tax changes this. Instead of being able to pollute for free, polluters must pay for a price for every tone of carbon pollution is created. How does â€Å"Carbon Tax† affect the flight industry? Industry must factor in the cost of carbon pollution in the business, just as flight companies factor in flight building and labor cost.Carbon tax has a great deal of importance in the airline industry. In 2008 the EU passed legislation to include aviation in the ETS. This means that from January 2012, overall CO 2 emissions of the aviation industry have been capped: Operators emitting more than their allocated amount of CO 2 will need to reduce emissions or – more likely à ¢â‚¬â€œ procure extra allowances. Therefore all operators flying to and from the EU will have to surrender one allowance for every tone of CO 2 emitted on a flight to and from (and within) Europe. The challenges of the ETS for airlines go beyond the immediate legal obligations.The costs for emission allowances will effectively introduce an additional commodity price risk into an operator's business strategy. Costs per passenger will increase but whether these costs can be passed through to customers depends upon the competitive position of the company compared with other operators. Increased ticket prices may reduce air travel and bring the substitution effect – Some passengers will choose not to fly as a result of increased fares and may divert to alternative modes of transportation. How does British Airways response to Carbon Tax?British Airways, the first airline to start a carbon offset scheme back in 2005, has gone live with an upgraded, user-friendly scheme that will en able passengers to offset the emissions from their flight in a one-click process at the time of booking online. British Airways suggests that airline passengers should pay carbon tax to combat climate change. By looking at the responses and speeches from management team of British Airways, the company was putting out the â€Å"green† message, and to engage with customers on the environmental issue. Carbon tax also drove British Airways to find new ways to reduce carbon pollution.For instance, 60 flights to the United States from British Airways will experiment with using Global positioning system (GPS) to track more direct routes and smooth take-offs and landings to avoid wasting fuel. Quicker landings also avoid keeping flight in holding patterns, which has unwanted pollution effects. As aviation companies grapple with high jet fuel prices, the search for alternatives to petroleum will keep British Airways focused on alternative sources of energy in order to remain competiti ve. How does Ryanair response to Carbon Tax? Ryanair has a â€Å"no frills† business strategy, with low cost, high efficiency and low price strategy.Rayanair opposed the scheme when carbon tax was levied in 2012. The former head of communications, Stephen McNamara claimed that the continuation of this eco-loony tax would damage traffic, tourism, European competitiveness and job opportunities. And Rayanair believes that they are already the greenest in the industry. The price response to the ETS has been for airlines to add surcharges to the cost of flights. Within the Europe, the company has announced a surcharge of 25p per passenger per one-way flight. In theory the ETS should be less burdensome on efficient operators such as Ryanair.However, the ETS will always represent an additional cost to airlines, and this is likely to be the reason for the opposition of Rayanair to the scheme. Conclusion A carbon tax will spur an airline to be more energy efficient. Efficiency is the foundation of Ryanair’s business strategy. Ryanair already hammer costs at every turn, get as much as they can out of their staff and equipment and provide nothing they don’t have to for passengers as they’re paying for the trip alone and not the experiences. Ryanair has plenty of plans up their sleeve to get even more from their ‘assets’ and tackle reduced emissions.The likes of removing one or two more toilets from each plane to make way for extra seats, widening the doors on planes to allow passengers to disembark in twos to shortening the turn-around time at airports. There are also talks of having a standing area on flights. These are just some of the increased efficiencies that Ryanair use as a response to a cap on emissions. British Airways and Ryanair are targeted to different market segments. The target market of British Airways is more like loyalty customer who would care about brand image.In the totally opposite way for Ryanair, their tar get market is more like price- sensitivity. However British Airways offer the international airlines, and the price of the carbon tax affected by the airway distance, as one of the biggest international airline company, who conscious of their brand image embraced the costs they felt are necessary for the environment. To make sure the company would have a position in the market, the ways that British Airways responses to carbon tax are more likely in long-term strategies, instead of dealing with the price competition.

Starbucks Marketing mix

Below is a table for you to apply the elements of marketing mix (7Ps) to your selected business organisation. Starbucks Product and service -Starbucks stores offer a choice of regular or decaffeinated coffee beverages, a special â€Å"coffee of the day,† and a broad selection of Italian-style espresso drinks. In addition, customers could choose from a wide selection of fresh-roasted whole-bean coffees.When you walk into the Starbucks, you notice they are promoting specialty rinks or products within the store. For example they promote their new coffee by giving free samples to their customers and that maximise the publicity of the product and generate revenue for the business. Packaging Creative and innovative packaging is what Starbucks does so that they can be seen and get noticed in the crowded market of coffee. For Example they redesign the packaging of their coffee to recreate the shopping experience and quickly identify the coffee by roast.The new packaging of their coffe e gets the attention of new ustomers because customers can choose what kind of coffee you want Just by looking at the package (different colour, message). Price -Price and pricing is one of the most important elements of the marketing mix, as it is the only mix, which generates a turnover for the organisation/business. In July 2013 Starbucks decided to raise the price of their beverage by 1%, they claim that the price increase is due to rising labour and non-coffee commodity costs.Starbucks raise prices to maximize profits from these price insensitive customers who now depend n their strong gourmet coffee. Rather than trying to compete with cheaper chains like Dunkin, Starbucks uses price hikes to separate itself from the pack and reinforce the premium image of their brand and products. Place -Starbucks takes a thoughtful and strategic approach when choosing their store locations, carefully considering many factors including community demand. We are always looking for great location s to both better meet the needs of our current customers and to reach new ones.They did research on different areas before utting a store there, based on things like demand, traffic and parking, they may conclude multiple stores will serve customers better. People The baristas (employees) are the foundation of Starbucks. â€Å"When it comes to providing Starbucks customers an exceptional experience, our baristas are as important as the quality of the coffee that we serve†. http://www. starbucks. com/ Baristas really are the face of Starbucks. They are an important part of their customers' day, and experts in handcrafting delicious, perfect beverages.Connecting nd creating the moments that make a difference in each person's day. Processes Starbucks uses coffee from different origin. I will choose one of them and describe the process from the supplier to the customer. Decided to take a look at the Ethiopian coffee, as his name says it came from Ethiopia, it is a medium-bodied c offee who offers soft, velvety notes of dark chocolate, subtle hints of peppery spice, and sweet, mandarin-like citrus for a balanced and approachable taste in the cup.From Ethiopia to the Starbucks manufacturer where the coffee is roasted packages and directly end to their stores where the coffee is available for customers. Physical evidence Starbucks provides information on its products, business partnerships, and career opportunities on its website. The famous Starbucks Logo (which is green and features a partially nude siren) has stayed largely unchanged since its origin, However it has been altered to adjust to international sensibilities. Starbucks uses white cups with their green logo on it, it comes with different sizes.It was specially design to resist heat, mainly because they serve hot beverage. It also comes with a lids. Branding The Starbucks brand has amazingly been able to create a reputation for itself as a very hip and mainstream coffee hub. People of all ages, incl uding adults and young teens, are flocking to this coffee franchise to enjoy all the different caffeinated and specialized drinks it has to offer. Over the years, the Starbucks brand has cleverly re- branded its products and coffee cups in order to cater for a more modern generation and the company has benefit from it as a result.

The Theory of Settlement in the City of Vadodara

Theory Of Settlement City – Vadodara Vadodara is situated on the bank of river Vishwamitra. Vadodara metropolis is the 3rd largest metropolis in the province of Gujarat with an country of 149sq.kms and a population of 13.06 lakh occupants as per 2001 nose count. The metropolis was one time called Chandanavati after its swayer Raja Chandan of Dor folk of Rajputs, who wrested it from the Jains. The capital had besides another name â€Å" Virakshetra † or â€Å" Virawati † ( A Land of Warriors ) . Subsequently on it was known as Vadpatraka or Wadodara , which harmonizing to tradition is a corrupt signifier of the Sanskrit word Vatodar means ‘In the bosom of the Banyan tree ‘ . Baroda can possess of one of the finest castles in India. Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad commissioned the celebrated British Architects, Major Mant and Chisolm to work on Laxmi Vilas castle. Designed in the Indo- Saracenic manner, it is rather a long thrust from the immense created Fe Gatess with the mounted royal emblem, to the entry. The colorful frescoes in Italian manner on the walls of the castle surprise you with their glare. Beautiful statues, marble fountains, Moorish arcades and stained glass Windowss adorn the construction. The metropolis is on the major rail and route arterias fall ining Mumbai with Delhi and Mumbai with Ahmedabad. Because of this Vadodara is known as a ‘Gateway to the Golden Corridor’ . National Highway No. 8 base on ballss through the metropolis. All superfast and express trains arrest at Vadodara Railway Station. Vadodara besides has an airdrome which is really good connected with the other major airdromes of India. Till the early 1960’s Baroda was considered to be a cultural and educational Centre. The first modern mill ( Alembic Pharmaceuticals ) was established in Baroda in 1907 and later companies such as Sarabhai Chemicals, Jyoti, etc. , came up in the fortiess. By 1962 there were 288 mills using 27510 workers. At that clip, the dominant industrial groups were chemicals and pharmaceuticals, cotton fabrics and machine tools In 1962, Baroda witnessed a sudden jet in industrial activity with the constitution of Gujarat Refinery. Several factors like natural stuff handiness, merchandise demand, adept mobilization of homo, fiscal and material resources by the authorities and private enterprisers have contributed to Baroda going one of India’s foremost industrial Centres. The find of oil and gas in Ankleshwar and North Gujarat led to the industrial development of Gujarat in a large manner. The Baroda part is the largest donee in the procedure of this industrialization. Gujarat Refinery went into the first stage of production in 1965. The refinery being a basic industry made critical parts on several foreparts at the regional and national degrees. InchThymineRoentgenDoctor of optometryUracilCThymineIon:VADOCalciferolARoentgenAVadodara, one of India’s most widely distributed metropoliss, is located to the south E of Ahmedabad, on the Bankss of river Vishwamitri.The territory is referred to as theâ€Å"SansKaRNitrogenatabunRI†( City of Culture ) due to its rich cultural traditions Vadodara is celebrated for its castles, Parkss, temples and museums Known as the ‘Gateway to the Golden Corridor’ , as all the rail and route arterias that link Delhi, Mumbai and Ahmedabad besides connect Vadodara, including the Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor ( DMIC )The territory has 12 talukas, 15 towns and 1,548 small towns, of which the major towns are Vadodara( District Headquarter ) , Savli, Waghodia, Padra, Dabhoi, Karjan and Sankheda.Vadodara deserve the particular topographic point in the province of Gujarat In footings of industrial development,In the twelvemonth of 1907 Vadodara have the most modern Industry Alem bic ( Pharmaceuticals ) , which is a discovery for the metropolis development Subsequently than after there are many other industries like Sarabhai chemicals and Jyoti came up in the 1940s.At the terminal of the 1962 there were more than 288 companies offering more than 27,000employments, and so Bank of Baroda came up in the twelvemonth of 1908, by the Sayajirao three to offer their services to the communities. 1800000 1600000 DadUracilLiterATIONGramRoentgenOxygenWTH 1666703 1400000 1200000 1000000 800000 600000 400000 200000 0 1306035 1250000 1150000 1031346 734473 467487 298398 211407 Seriess 1 30 27 25 19.6 20 15 10 21.620.97 1413.49 Birth Rate Annual Natural Growth Rate 7.47.67.48 5 0 1981-19911991-20012001-2011 Death Rate2 GermaniumNEracubic decimetergRotungstenThursdayRaTeVs AcTualINdegree CelsiussRvitamin Ease 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1971 – 1981 1981 – 1991 1991 – 2001 2001 – 2011 Seriess 1 Seriess 2 This shows the two graphs of existent growing rate and general population growing rate.So clearly the difference in the countries becomes the migration population due to assorted factors like industrialisation. Table 1. Population of ‘ adodara YearPopula tion ( lakh'5 ) 1981134 1991103l A' e-rageannual grourtb rate 1 ( % ) 200111.062.39, o/o2005 ( Estimated )14_6'92.99,o/o2011 ( ProjecIBd )17.542.99,o/oBeginning. : Census 2001 Table 3.Composition of Gr ° ‘ 1h CompositionPopulation addition dming1981-91% of tota cubic decimeter1991-2001% of tota cubic decimeterNatural addition1,6865556.8 %1,6090958.6 %Immigration1,2821243.2 %11378641.4 %Jurisdictional alterationN.AN.AN.AN.AEntire addition296,867100.0 %274,695100.0 %Beginning: Population Research Centre. Vadodara Note: It is weU known that the enrollment of births and deceases is non cent per centum. peculiarly for the earlier period.The estimations are hence capable to completeness of enrollment. Table. .Built-up A rea in tbe Va doda Ra Ta h1kaYea RBuilt up Area ( .i ; q kilometer )Change Built up Area ( sq kilometer )197872.66–1990112.7240.062001158.0945.37 Indian PETROCHEMICALS CORPORATION LIMITED The formation of Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited ( IPCL ) as a populace sector company was a apogee of the thought procedure of the Government on the Industry. The Corporation was incorporated on 22nd March, 1969 as a Company under the Companies Act, 1956 with its registered office at PO Petrochemicals, District Vadodara-391346 Vadodara Urban Development Authority is constituted under the commissariats of the Gujarat town Planning and Urban Development act 1976. Started working from 1st February 1978. The bill of exchange Development program was prepared and published on 17-5-79. Approved by the Government on 22-12-83 and in force from 25-11-84 The Preparation of 1st Development Plan was based on approaching twenty old ages continuance i.e. projected population up to twelvemonth 2000 and their necessities were taken attention. Information on some of the key participants that have made significant investings in Vadodara during the period from 1983 to 2011 is given holla.ALEMBIC-1907GACL- 1973GSFC- 1962IOCL- 1961IPCL- 1969APOLLO TYRES LTD- 1972ASEA BROWN BOVERI LTD- 1949COxygenNorth carolinaLiterUnited statesIONS:The metropolis has witnessed high growing ( 40 % ) from 1981 to 1991. However, it could non keep the impulse of growing ; the growing rate slowed down to 26 % in the last decennary, 1991— 2001.The population registered in 2001 was 13.06 hundred thousand as against 10.31 lakhs 1991.The compounded one-year growing rate ( CAGR ) has been steadily worsening from 4.64 % in 1971- 81 to 3.45 % in 1981-1991, and farther to 2.39 % in 1991-2001.The population in 2005 has been estimated at around 14.69 hundred thousand. The population projection for2011 is estimated around 17.54 hundred thousand and is based on the hypothesis that the metropolis would turn at a changeless rate due to the increasing urba nisation in the province.Entire population and growing rate of population over the last 5 old ages: Population of Vadodara 1,839,428 Year Population ( hundred thousand ) Average one-year growing rate ( % ) 1981 7.34 4.64 % 1991 10.31 3.45 %2001 13.06 2.39 % 2005 ( Estimated ) 14.69 2.99 % 2011 ( Projected ) 17.54 2.99 %The metropolis witnessed a sudden jet in industrial activity with the constitution of the Gujarat refinery in 1962.Assorted large-scale industries such as Gujarat State Fertilizers and Chemicals ( GSFC ) , Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited ( IPCL ) and Gujarat Alkalis and Chemicals Limited ( GACL ) have come up in the locality of the Gujarat Refinery.The constitution of big industrial units in this part has automatically brought into being a figure of smaller endeavors.Several factors like natural stuff handiness, merchandise demand, and adept mobilisation of homo, fiscal and material resources by the authorities and private enterprisers had contributed to Vad odara’s flower as one of India’s foremost industrial Centres.But, with increased competition in the planetary market and failures to get by with the economic impulse, Vadodara’s economic system has slowed down RoentgenTocopherolFERTocopherolNorth carolinaTocopherolSecond:ISBN: 9780978951702(Anjacubic decimeterICalciferolvitamin EsaI)ISBN:25301357(LLCBacillusOOklahomas)ISBN 978-0-86132-214-5(FatesiNghouravitamin DTabunvitamin Ekilowattavitamin D)i? ¶iˆ vadodara-101208075231-phpapp02hypertext transfer protocol: //www.baroda.com/aboutvadodara.phpinterim_may2k6 – pdf08_chapter 4 – pdf

Family Resilience Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Family Resilience Assessment - Assignment Example This research will begin with the statement that family resilience and the concept behind it range beyond our comprehension of healthy family functioning to circumstances of adversity.  The assumption, however, is that there is no universal model that adequately fits all families and their situations due to their unique nature. The fact that some situations strengthen some families and increase their resourcefulness, while others crumble under the stress and pressure associated with the crises, serves to prove that there is no universal reaction that is guaranteed when faced with adversity. A family is a structure where there are rules to adhere to and specified roles to play by each of the members of the unit. There is a certain expectation as regards how the members of the system respond to each other with respect to their roles and are defined by the agreements of their relationships. Within the confines of the system, the development of patterns is seen in scenarios where a par ticular family member causes predictable behavioral influences in other family members and is also influenced by the behavioral traits of the rest of the family. Continuing the same trend of behaviors within a system may bring about balance in the family system, but also there is the risk of growing dysfunctional. For instance, if a spouse is forced to assume the responsibilities of the other for one reason or the other, the shift in roles could have adverse effects on the family system brought about by the equilibrium shift as a result of overreaching roles. My current nuclear family is characterized by a system of genuine family support, and mutual responsibilities in our respective roles. My live-in girlfriend, who we have been together for three and a half years, has three kids whom I absolutely adore, despite the fact that am not their biological father. Thanks to her kids, I have received a new lease in life by becoming a grand daddy-by-girlfriend. This has given me the chance to see a child grow, and I am grateful for this especially since I miss out on raising my own daughter and see her grow up. My relationship with my ex-family is nothing to write home about as no special bond exists. The quality of life back when I was still married to Sonia was horrible. The infidelity by my wife, now my ex-wife, nearly drove me to ruins, and the fact that she abandoned me while bedridden in the hospital and took off with our daughter did not make this easier. It actually made things worse, and this experience coupled with the horrible and abu sive childhood I had, was a suicide in waiting. Growing up surrounded by a mother who hated men, and two sisters who had been taught to loathe men, my childhood was doomed from the start. The fact that I did not have any functional relationship with any of my relatives from either side of my parents families meant that I was stuck with the only family I knew. Describe and discuss the key processes of family resilience: Belief Systems, Organizational Patterns, Communication Processes as they apply to yourself and your family. Belief Systems The members of a family are able to derive some meaning from circumstances of crisis, and therefore foster a positive and a hopeful outlook. This is, however, dependent on the family’s attitude towards the suffering, crises and the options available to them. In my case, making the best out of hard situations was not easy, not that it was expected anyway. It took me a while before I could see clearly that I had to change my attitude towards living a better quality life. Initially, before I got my act together, I dwelled on the issues that faced me instead of trying to find a way to stop myself from suffocating. Once I understood that the only way to move on was to accept my

Policing Academic Journal Article Critique Essay

Policing Academic Journal Article Critique - Essay Example The Journal does not directly agrees or disagrees with the talk. However, it does mention a lot of suggestions for the Police Department. Original police data regarding criminal activity was used in making and presenting this white paper. In fact there is hardly any personal view of authors (Johnson & Reitzel, 2011). It is a research on a case study about the Richmond , Virginia Police Department. The sponsors for this paper include International Police Executive Symposium (IPES). I agree that with the modern scientific tools such as networking the police can identify an area where people or groups might be involved in crimes or who might commit them in future. There is no better way to deal with criminal activity than taking measures in advance. It is very easy to make adjustments in retrospective and in reaction to criminal activities but the real success of the Police Department lies when actions are taken to prevent a crime. There is hardly anything in the research papers that I disagree with. However, I do disagree when the authors say on page 19 (Johnson & Reitzel, 2011) that it would have been better if the data has been collected through agency of the individual. I do not think that it would have helped much because retrieving data from the Police Department only gives it perspective and context. But I also understand that this data did not help reflecting the knowledge of the Police Department as it only showed what the police already knew. Besides the method of retrieving data, there is another issue that I think the authors should pay more attention to. They have analyzed one model in one city of the US however the working paper is for the international police community. There should have been recommendations so that the paper could have become more useful for everyone participating in the symposium. What works in one city in the US doesnt necessarily mean that it will also be successful in Denmark or Sweden. It is

Journalistic free speech and the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks, Essay

Journalistic free speech and the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks, whether or not there should be a limit to free speech - Essay Example The paper elaborates on the right to the ‘freedom of speech’ in journalism and consequences of such speeches on masses. The paper even focuses on the views of different reporters and scholars about the freedom of speech in journalism. The different sources of disagreement that is prominent in the society majorly reflects on various concepts for the development of overall understanding of the masses about the messages that are being represented may lead to a huge amount of distress. The freedom of speeches of the different reports can even lead to an amount of distress among the different community group. This can even lead to an amount of mental blockages as well as lead to situations of conflicts. The disclosures and details that are portrayed by the reporters even create an amount of cognitive blockages and affect the overall societal settings. The journalists who detail about the social dogmas related to the religious beliefs often portray it so bluntly that it can actual hurt the beliefs of the people. Moreover, Charlie Hebdo’s cartoons that provoked different communism and terrorist attacks were viewed by some to be hurting the sentiments of masses and other the other hand, some supported the views (U SA Today, â€Å"Paris slaughter cant silence free expression: Our view†). For instance, , â€Å"the decision by most Irish newspapers not to reproduce the more provocative Charlie Hebdo cartoons is a betrayal of free expression† (Brady, â€Å"Right to offend does not require journalists to offend†) This reflected that the overall development of the freedom of speech and the way they are being used by the different sections of the society are often leading to offensive attitude of the masses dealing in different sectors. Specifically, while elaborating on sensitive issues such as the religious beliefs, chances of controversies from various sectors of the society must be acceptable. However, Zagano ‘The

Advertisings Fifteen Basic Appeals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advertisings Fifteen Basic Appeals - Essay Example Like most Advertisements aiming to persuade us into buying a certain product or service the advertisement employs a degree of persuasion to the tune of tapping into our emotional financial and sub-rational (Fowles) perspectives and subconsciousness. The aim of any advertisement then in Fowles observation is to permeate the inner layer of the subconsciousness to play with our securities and insecurities. Now coming to this advertisement under analysis it is as mentioned before about a financial services company, from the renowned Toyota Group. The Advertisement claims to be able to help college students in particular with funds and finances to be able to afford a car during their rocky college years when they have no stable source of income. The question here that springs to the mind can be very colloquially put as â€Å"So what’s the catch?†.The catch is what lies in the small print at the bottom of the page which will be discussed later. The first thing of utmost importance here is whether Fowles's psychological analysis that advertisers will try to sell anything to us in a box by packing it to get around the need for rational thinking and critical reflection. The advertisement is all set in white with what seems to be a college freshman displaying all signs of frustration due to some unknown matter in the first instance. Curiosity demands that the reason for this frustration should be traced. The problem here is that in the first instance the Advertisement seems to remind us of old Advertisements for Intel computers or maybe some software. Then it states â€Å"sociology term paper due at 9 am† and then it states that the computer of what is the screaming college freshman has crashed somewhere 45 minutes before the date of submission. At this point the consumer is confused.

A Reflective Account of Exam Preparation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

A Reflective Account of Exam Preparation - Essay Example The first step in Gibbs Reflective Cycle is the evaluation of what happened in a situation. Due to a variety of reasons, I usually find that I am doing most of my reading at the time of exam preparation- that is the latter stages of the semester. Compared to the amount of course work, the amount of time I dedicate to the studies is to a large extent not enough. This results in a situation in which I am forced to cram in the last minute rush to cover the entire scope of the course work. Consequently, my exam preparation is riddled with pressure and anxiety and thus reduction in the effectiveness of studying. To remember what one reads, they should go through a process of association, visualization and concentration, which have to be repeated severally in order to get a perfect understanding and recall capacity. Association generally involves linking the items that need to be remembered together in particular fashions or relating them to some of the things you are comfortable with in terms of memory. Visualization complements association through creating images of the items you need to remember basing on things that are familiar to you. Optimal levels of concentration are required for effectiveness to be achieved in terms of recall capacity after studying. Finally, one is required to perform repetition of the association and visualization during study in order to internalize the concepts and ensure they will be able to remember them. Dedicating the least time for my reading is clearly not enough to allow myself to undertake all these steps in their entirety and as a result I am forced to adopt cramming as a last resort method of studying. This has the effect of lowering confidence and causing anxiety, which as shall be seen later does not augur well with the exam preparation. The environment in which I study also forms the context of the event. There is usually music in the background since I prefer studying in my room, besides a host of interferences that make it difficult to concentrate. Montrose (2009) reckons that one’s study space is critical to their ability to study effectively. It should first fit your preference, be without interruptions and be comfortable enough for study. I realize that my best study mode is in a quiet place and without interruptions, two things that my room does not offer. I usually have friends coming over and causing

Education policy assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Education policy - Assignment Example The tripartite education system introduced three levels of state funded education in England and Wales comprising of Primary school education, secondary school education and further or higher education. Primary school, also known as grammar school education was the first stage of learning, accommodating children up to the age of 11. It was further subdivided into three levels namely infant, nursery and junior levels (Bailey, 2010, pp. 26). The Secondary school or technical grammar schools represent the second level, which initially enrolled children between 11 and 15 years, although this was later increased to 16 beginning from 1973. Further education or Secondary Modern School, unlike the other two levels, was optional and admitted students beyond 16 years of age (Tomlinson, 2005, pp. 48). The tripartite education system was introduced in England and Wales as a response to the Prime Minister’s desire to create an inclusive society where each individual would have equal opportunity to enjoy advantages and privileged available in the country (Baldock, 2011, pp. 13). There was a great desire among the English people to create an identity of their own through the education system that would help individuals transition from the effects of the World War II to live independent lives. The tripartite system was then identified as the best alternative to empower the British society and promote development of skills among the emerging crop of youths in the country. This system was spearheaded by people in the country such as Sir Cyril Burt, a prominent psychologist and Herwald Ramsbotham, president of the Board of Education at the time. The Tripartite system was relatively successful in the beginning before education became highly politicized in England and Wales, leading to abolition of the system and introduction of the Comprehensive System. Before the Education Act of 1944, there was no universal

Management case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management case - Essay Example Most of its offerings already had significant margins, and those that werent at this level were close or were expected to in the near future. The challenge that Newell Company faced was trying to remain the market leader for all of its industries at the same time. 2) Newell Company has many distinctive resources due to the strong credibility the brand has built up over the years. Because the company has many different product categories, a strong management style is necessary to ensure that every sector runs smoothly. In addition, Newell Company has good relationships with its supply partners, and these relationships help the company to remain number one in all areas of its business portfolio. Finally, Newell Company has access to Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), which helps the company to organize all of its purchase orders, invoices, and payments to and from its retail partners. Because most of Newell Companys orders are placed through this system, the company is able to keep track of all of its deadlines and needs. 3) Newell Company does seem to have a successful corporate level strategy because the management and administration is interlinked, which helps to build a solid kind of corporate culture. Another area that shows Newell Company is successful in the corporate area is through acquisitions. The company buys other companies that can add value and expand the operation of Newell Company. This is a very difficult process because the new acquisitions need to be the right fit. If a new acquisition is not up to the same speed of Newell Company, then that acquisition has the potential to bring the whole company down. 4) I feel that Newell Company acquiring both Calphalon and Rubbermaid are good business decisions for a variety of reasons. First of all, Calphalon is a good fit for Newell Companys housewares division because the company has access to the high end of the market where Newell Company has not been so successful. Also, Calphalon has strong

Router and Switch Configuration Essay Example for Free

Router and Switch Configuration Essay When installing, setting, and configuring a switch it is important to know what kind of switch is needed and installed in the network. For this purpose I have chosen the Cisco switches main line, which is the Catalyst Switches, which is one of the popular series and models. They include fixed-configuration desktop models, configurable plug-and-play modular chassis models and packages with high-speed buses into which many cards can be inserted. To configure the Cisco Catalyst switch I will use the Visual Switch Manager, which is an IOS command line interface, or I can use the management console. The VSM is tool operated through a web browser interface and the management console is a simple, menus based interface. To access the CLI, the switch’s console port, which is at the back of the switch, must be plugged into a computer terminal or modem with an RJ-45 rollover cable and the appropriate adapter. Then one runs a terminal emulation program, which can be HyperTerminal that comes with Windows, to specify the port to communicate with. It is imperative that the settings of the switch console port and the management station or modem match or you cannot communicate. Assuming the switch and the settings are connected and match you will be shown a User Interface Menu. To move into the CLI, you press the [K] key. When you want to configure the switch using menus you would then press the [M] key (for menu). There are three categories of information which make up the console interface: configuration, statistics, and diagnostics. The configuration menu contains information on the current setting of the switch parameters. Many of these parameters are also configurable through the console interface. The second category contains switch statistics information. Through the statistics screens, users can monitor switch performance. The third menu set contains diagnostic/troubleshooting commands enabling field engineers and knowledgeable network administrators to perform simple troubleshooting functions. A factory-configured switch has no password assigned. To add or change the password, use the Password Menu. The Ethernet switch console can be accessed by establishing a telnet connection to port 6 of the terminal concentrator, which is long distance managing. Telnet is a utility used for remotely login to a device. The Cisco switch IOS have different EXEC modes with distinctive prompts. You can use these modes for executing different Cisco switch commands. The Cisco IOS user interface is divided into many different modes. The commands available to you depend on which mode you are currently in. Enter a question mark (? ) at the system prompt to obtain a list of commands available for each command mode. When you start a session on the switch, you begin in user mode, often called user EXEC mode. Only limited subsets of the commands are available in user EXEC mode. For example, most of the user EXEC commands are one-time commands, such as show commands, which show the current configuration status, and clear commands, which clear counters or interfaces. The user EXEC commands are not saved when the switch reboots. To have access to all commands, you must enter privileged EXEC mode. Normally, you must enter a password to enter privileged EXEC mode. From this mode, you can enter any privileged EXEC command or enter global configuration mode. The following are commands and their uses; User EXEC begins the session with the switch and the user prompt looks like this, Switch, use this mode to change terminal settings, perform basic tests, and display system information. Privileged EXEC, while in user EXEC mode enter enable command and the prompt will look like this, Switch#, use this mode to verify commands that you have entered. Use the password to protect access to this mode. Global configuration, while in privileged EXEC mode enter the configure command, the prompt will look like this, Switch (config) #, you use this mode to configure parameters that apply to the entire switch. Config-vlan , While in global configuration mode, enter the vlan vlan-id command, the prompt will look like this, Switch(config-vlan)#, you will use this mode to configure VLAN parameters. When VTP mode is transparent, you can create extended-range VLANs (VLAN IDs greater than 1005) and save configurations in the switch startup configuration file. VLAN configuration, While in privileged EXEC mode, enter the vlan database command, the prompt will look like this, Switch (vlan) #, you will use this mode to configure VLAN parameters for VLANs 1 to 1005 in the VLAN database. Interface configuration, while in global configuration mode, enter the interface command (with a specific interface), the prompt will look like this, Switch (config-if) #, you will use this mode to configure parameters for the Ethernet interfaces. Line configuration, while in global configuration mode, the prompt will look like this, Switch (config-line) #, this will specify a line with the line vty or line console command, you will use this mode to configure parameters for the terminal line. A VLAN is a switched network that is logically segmented by function, project team, or application, without regard to the physical locations of the users. VLANs have the same characteristics as physical LANs, but you can group end stations even if they are not physically located on the same LAN segment. Any switch port can belong to a VLAN, and unicast, broadcast, and multicast packets are forwarded and flooded only to end stations in the VLAN. Each VLAN is considered a logical network, and packets destined for stations that do not belong to the VLAN must be forwarded through a router or bridge. A VLAN comes appears when a local port is configured to be associated with the VLAN, when the VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) learns of its existence from a neighbor on a trunk, or when a user creates a VLAN. A trunk port carries the traffic of multiple VLANs and by default is a member of all VLANs in the VLAN database. To do this one must switch to global configuration mode. To add ports to the VLAN, change to the Interface Configuration mode and use the vlan-membership static vlan# command. When done, you can view the VLANs by typing the show vlan command. To build redundancy and eliminate the creation of multiple broadcast packets, spanning tree protocol (STP) must be configured on the network switches. Spanning tree protocol allows a switch to recognize which switch on the network is handling broadcast requests from other devices on the network. STP is a Layer 2 link management protocol that provides path redundancy while preventing loops in the network, but you can enable STP on only 128 VLANs. Before you configure STP, select a switch to be the root of the spanning tree. This switch does not need to be the most powerful switch, but choose the most centralized switch on the network. All data flow across the network is from the perspective of this switch. Also, choose the least disturbed switch in the network. The backbone switches often serve as the spanning tree root because these switches typically do not connect to end stations. Also, moves and changes within the network are less likely to affect these switches†. You should type show command to show the version of the software for the switches, and then type the set spantree root vlan_id command, in order to set the priority of the switch to 8192 for the VLAN or VLANs that the vlan id specifies. Then you should type the set, spantree portfast mod_num/port_num enable command, in order to configure the PortFast setting on Switches 12, 13, 14, 16, and 17. Issue the show spantree vlan_id command in order to verify that Switch 15 is the root of all the appropriate VLANs.

Most Common Form Of Sexual Activity Essay Example for Free

Most Common Form Of Sexual Activity Essay Introduction As depicted in Salvador Dalis The Great Masturbator, masturbation is a fascinating and complex topic that affects each of us differently. Despite almost universal agreement by medical doctors that masturbation is a normal, safe, and common practice, masturbation continues to be associated with embarrassment, shame, and guilt, primarily due to societal perceptions of the act. Yet masturbation is a common and natural function that is practiced by individuals of all sexual orientations, genders, and ages. Masturbation is defined as sexual self-pleasuring that involves self-stimulation. According to recent studies, 97% of men and 83% of women have masturbated at some point in their lives. That is an increase from the 1950s Kinsey Report, which reported that 92% of men and 58% of women have masturbated. Although masturbation is statistically quite prevalent, it is still viewed by society as a taboo subject. Historical Background While there are no direct references to masturbation in cave paintings or other prehistoric artifacts, the practice of masturbation by Bonobo chimpanzees, which share 98.4% percent of our DNA, provides some confirmation that masturbation has likely been practiced since the dawn of mankind. The Ancient World In the ancient world, depictions of male masturbation are relatively common. The Egyptians, for example, celebrated masturbation as the process by which the sun god, Atum, created the first Adam and Eve equivalents, Shu and Tefnut. With the hand of God, Atum masturbated and brought forth the first pair of souls. The Sumerians, who invented the first written Western language, make reference to the Mesopotamian god Enki masturbating, his ejaculation filling the Tigris River with flowing water. Condemnation of masturbation is as old as fertility-worship and is probably based on early man’s realization that there is safety in numbers. A bigger tribe is more likely to gain new territory and expand its power base. In theory, this is this reason that any form of sexual pleasure unlikely to result in a population increase (e.g. masturbation, homosexuality, oral/anal sex) has routinely been denounced as wrong. While in today’s overpopulated world this rationale no longer makes logical sense, this belief structure continues to drive the moral attitudes of many people. In the Judeo-Christian tradition prevalent throughout Western society, the main Scripture quoted by Christians to denounce masturbation is Genesis 38. In biblical times, under Jewish law, a brother was required to procreate with his brothers widow. Onan of Judah refused, and spilled his seed (i.e. ejaculate), on the ground instead. This is the origin of the term Onanism (The Sin of Onan) which is incorrectly used in place of masturbation — in fact, what really happened was premature withdrawal (i.e. coitus interruptus). 18th 19th Centuries It was primarily during the 1700s and 1800s when masturbation was first associated with mental and physical deficiencies. Some prominent physicians, scientists, philosophers, and religious leaders believed that illnesses such as insanity, vision and hearing problems, epilepsy, mental retardation, and general health problems were caused by self-stimulation. In fact, over 60% of medical and mental illnesses were blamed on masturbation. The fear of masturbation was so great that throughout the world, extreme preventative measures were instituted including the use of mechanical restraints, genital surgery, and physical discipline. By the 19th century the cereal magnate John Harvey Kellogg declared sex for anything but reproduction to be sexual excess. Kellogg and others began advocating routine circumcision of males as a deterrent to masturbation. 20th Century In the 20th Century, individuals within the medical community began questioning whether or not masturbation was independent from the various psychiatric and medical illnesses to which it was historically linked. During the 1950s and 1960s, with greater discussion of sex and sexuality and lessening conservative social attitudes along with greater medical research on the topic of masturbation, the thought that the act of self-stimulation is associated with medical and mental illnesses dissipated. Beginning with the Kinsey Report of 1948, masturbation was demystified and even discovered to be beneficial. In 1966, Masters Johnson (see photo) revealed the practice to be virtually universal in North America, cutting across all boundaries of sex, age, race, and social class. In 1971 Goldstein, Haeberle McBride determined masturbation to be the most common form of sexual activity among humans. Today It is clear that masturbation has had a dynamic and varied history. It now almost universally accepted by the medical community that masturbation is a common, safe, and normal practice which occurs in infants, teenagers, and adults. Despite this new attitude, the actual practice and discussion of masturbation continues to be a social taboo within most societies. Former Surgeon General Jocelyn Elder was immediately dismissed by President Clinton in 1994 after she stated that masturbation â€Å"is something that is part of human sexuality and its part of something that perhaps should be taught.† Facts and Figures 1. Masturbation is not evil, dirty or harmful it will not make you go blind, drive you insane, turn you in to a pervert, stunt your growth, give you an STD, make you sterile or get you pregnant. 2. Both guys and girls masturbate, it is a normal and healthy part of sexual development. 3. Masturbation is a very personal thing and should not be done in public places or around people who are not willing partners (think safer sex activity). 4. You are normal if you masturbate, normal if you wonder about it but dont do it, and normal if you never give it a second thought and dont do it it is one of the few things in life that is normal if you do and normal if you dont. 5. Masturbation may make sexual intercourse more enjoyable because you will already know what it takes to please you. 6. Masturbation alleviates stress and releases endorphens (the pleasure hormones) in to your system making you more relaxed. 7. Masturbation as exploration of the body is common in children between the ages of 3 and 6, in teens masturbation becomes more sophisticated and sexually motivated. 8. Surveys have shown that 80% of males and 59% of females have masturbated by age 18. 9. Many experts believe that masturbation is more prevalent in the teen years due to a strong fluctuation of hormones; masturbation alleviates the strain of this build up and is a necessary part of development. 10. The only real problems that come with masturbation are psychological and are the result of unhealthy or weary attitudes toward doing it (if you do it but are ashamed) or abnormal practices (for example, public masturbation). Biblical View. One of the most prevalent rationalizations that people use is that the Bible never mentions masturbation and that it must therefore be alright. Is that logical? Is child molestation alright then? Its not specifically forbidden in the Bible. How about shooting heroin? Or how about torturing someone? Not mentioned! You see how illogical the argument quickly becomes. The most obvious biblical principle that is applicable to masturbation is found in Mt 5:28 where Jesus indicates that lusting after someone in the heart is the same as actually doing it. I am violating whomever I am picturing in my mind during the act of masturbation. It really doesnt matter whether it is a picture from a magazine, (Those are real people!), or someone Ive met or a memory of some act committed in the past. And if I can discipline my mind to think of no one, what of that? Attainment of such focus only serves to make obvious the desperation and obsession that drives us to such lengths. The principles found in 1 Cor 6:12; and Rom 6:14 clearly emerge as foundational to our plight that we are slaves to whatever masters us. When we get truly honest about the habit of masturbation, it is clear that it is a behavior that controls us one that we use to medicate pain, to alleviate stress or to forget rejection. In that way, it is similar to a drug habit just one more vehicle to avoid turning to God. Why wont we turn to God? We may be ashamed. We may believe that Hes going to judge and punish us. We may not trust Him. Or, it simply may never occur to us. We dont normally see God as being involved in the fulfillment of our sexual lives. Hes a Spirit after all and we are physical creatures. And yet, He is in fact the answer to every problem. He can quench our unholy desire and He can teach us to respond to problems by working through them rather than from running from them. Masturbating cultivates yearnings for sensations that differ from those generated by intercourse. Ju st how destructive to heterosexual relations this becomes will vary from person to person. Even in the mildest case, however, it would seem inevitable that masturbating when single will detract from one’s future enjoyment of, and appreciation of, the uniqueness of heterosexual relations. It is not uncommon for people to find themselves so addicted to solitary sex that they actually prefer it to heterosexual relations and it is even more common for people feel they at least occasionally need the unique sensations that solitary sex offers, despite having an eager sex partner readily available. Nevertheless, suppose your marriage partner somehow manages to fluke giving you sensations so like what masturbation has trained you to crave and expect that you do not actually find yourself preferring solo sex. Even then, your mind has been trained to connect those feelings not with intimacy with your marriage partner but with having sex with yourself. Want it or not, masturbation programs your mind to think of sexual feelings not as a precious gift from your partner, but as something you have generated yourself. So what will come flooding into your mind when your partner lovingly gives you those feelings will tend to be not thoughts of how wonderful your partner is, but of how much pleasure you used to give yourself. Despite what is actually happening, your mind will tend to register the sensations not as coming from your life partner but as if they were produced by yourself. Feelings that should be binding you to your marriage partner have already been locked in your mind as being associated with having sex with yourself. When making love, your mind will consciously and unconsciously flit from what is currently happening between you and your partner to what used to happen when you had solitary sex. For example, if your past history of masturbation had trained your mind to associate sexual feelings with fantasizing about an imaginary partner, that is what your mind will drift to, even though you now have a real partner who does not correspond exactly to your imaginary partner. Even if your partner somehow manages to exceed the heights of what you used to experience in solitary sex, masturbation will have cheapened the most precious sensual gift your partner could ever give you, to being something only ten or so percent more pleasurable than what you used to give yourself. Past masturbation will have robbed you of so much of the â€Å"magic† and bonding power of marital relations, thus weakening your marriage. Church View Roman Catholic The Catholic Church teaches that Masturbation constitutes a grave moral disorder and that both the Magisterium of the Church—in the course of a constant tradition—and the moral sense of the faithful have declared without hesitation that masturbation is an intrinsically and seriously disordered act. Although it is said that psychology and sociology show that masturbation is a normal phenomenon of sexual development, especially among the young, this does not change the fact that it is an intrinsically and seriously disordered act and that, whatever the motive for acting this way, the deliberate use of the sexual faculty outside normal conjugal relations essentially contradicts the finality of the faculty. For it lacks the sexual relationship called for by the moral order, namely the relationship which realizes the full sense of mutual self-giving and human procreation in the context of true love.' This is because the deliberate use of the sexual faculty outside of marriag e is, according to the teaching of the Church, contrary to its primary purpose of procreation and unification of the husband and wife within the sacrament of marriage. In addition, the Church teaches that all other sexual activity—including masturbation, homosexual acts, acts of sodomy, all sex outside of or before marriage, and the use of any form of contraception or birth control—is gravely disordered, as it frustrates the natural order, purpose, and ends of sexuality. To form an equitable judgment about the subjects moral responsibility and to guide pastoral action, one must take into account the affective immaturity, force of acquired habit, conditions of anxiety or other psychological or social factors that lessen, if not even reduce to a minimum, moral culpability. The traditional view of masturbation has been consistent for almost all of the Catholic Churchs 2,000-year history. Early Catholic theologians universally condemned both masturbation and contraception as sinful. One such example is Clement of Alexandria, considered a saint and a Church Father, who said of masturbation, Because of its divine institution for the propagation of man, the seed is not to be vainly ejaculated, nor is it to be damaged, nor is it to be wasted.. St. Thomas Aquinas, one of the most prominent Doctors of the Roman Catholic Church, wrote in the 13th century that masturbation was an unnatural vice which is a species of lust as bad as bestiality, sodomy, and pederasty, and that it by procuring pollution , without any copulation, for the sake of venereal pleasure pertains to the sin of uncleanness which some call effeminacy However, after a study commissioned by the Catholic Theological Society of America in 1972, a number of dissident Catholic theologians have come to hold that an act of masturbation should not be judged as an objective moral evil, but assessed within the life context of the person involved. Protestant Theologians toward the middle of the 20th century began revising previous teachings, and some today even take pro-masturbation viewpoints. Some view it as an act of self-indulgence and even a sin of the flesh, and believe that the practice is principally considered a sin because of its invitation to lust. Those who view it within the range of allowable sexual behavior encourage it as guard against adultery, pre-marital sex, or other forms of non-allowable sexual behavior, and as a method of balancing differing libidos between spouses. Arguments Masturbation decreases rather than increases vice. Objection 1: Masturbation is a squandering of human time and physical energy that could otherwise be used for Godly worship, self-improvement, or good works. Objection 2: Masturbation inflames carnal lusts, leading to worse sexual vices. Objection 3: As an indulgence of physical appetite, masturbation encourages indulgence of other appetites, such as gluttony. Reply to Objection 1: It is said that idle hands are the devils workshop. Insofar as masturbation occupies the onanist, it prevents him from engaging in vicious or destructive acts. Reply to Objection 2: Rather than inflaming carnal lust, masturbation dissipates it by a harmless release of sexual tensions. In doing so, it removes, rather than proliferates, the driving force that motivates acts of sexual vice. Reply to Objection 3: Pent up libido will seek relief through other channels, and without the relief of masturbation, might well find its expression through the satiation of other appetites such as gluttony, gambling, and other material vices. Masturbation is a salutary use of the reproductive organs and does not conflict with reproductive sex. Objection 1: Masturbation enervates the sexual organs. Objection 2: In the male, masturbation wastes sperm that would otherwise be used for conception. Objection 3: By providing an alternative release of sexual energies, masturbation cheapens and may even diminish the physical gratification to be found in reproductive intercourse. Reply to Objection 1: Masturbation exercises the sexual organs and assures that they are in good working order. It prevents stagnation of fluids and atrophy of tissues, and in the male, increases the quality of sperm by stimulating the production of fresh gametes. Reply to Objection 2: Science has shown that regular and frequent ejaculations increase the quality of a males sperm by stimulating the production of fresh and healthy gametes. Therefore men who masturbate regularly are more likely to father a child. Thusly, the spilt semen is but a sacrifice toward a more favorable chance of achieving conception. Reply to Objection 3: Especially in the case of women, by demonstrating the range of possible sexual pleasure that one is capable of experiencing, masturbation encourages one to enter into a sexual relationship with confidence in ones own sexuality, and with the expectation of a positive experience. Masturbation makes a positive contribution to human society. Objection 1: Masturbation is most often a solitary, private and antisocial act, and is therefore contrary to human interaction and community. Objection 2: As a act of self-gratification and self-indulgence, masturbation encourages selfishness and promotes the tendency to put ones own needs first above others. Objection 3: As a form of self-love, masturbation engenders narcissism, pride, and self-regard, which are detrimental to forming human relationships. Reply to Objection 1: Masturbation is an activity in which all sexually mature humans may engage, therefore it can serve as a commonality upon which to build understanding amongst those of differing nationalities, viewpoints, etc. Reply to Objection 2: After engaging in masturbation, an individual will be in a relaxed, fulfilled, and pleasant mood, and therefore more apt to extend charity and good will toward others. Reply to Objection 3: The act of masturbation can give a sense of mastery, self-confidence, and ownership of ones body. Healthy self-esteem and a clear sense of self are necessary for healthy emotional bonds. Bibliography * http://www.afraidtoask.com/masturbate/Introduction.htm * http://www.afraidtoask.com/masturbate/History.htm * http://teenadvice.about.com/library/bl10thingsmasturbation.htm * http://www.net-burst.net/christian-help/christian-masturbation.htm * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_on_masturbation *

Conflicts and Disputes: Causes and Types

Conflicts and Disputes: Causes and Types 1. INTRODUCTION The two key terms conflict and dispute are interchangeable, as this was supported by dictionary meanings of these terms which are as follows: conflict is a fight, struggle and disagreement and dispute is debate, argue and quarrel. Conflict is a natural and unpleasant disagreement between parties who want to achieve their independent goals. Dispute is a time consuming, expensive and unpleasant circumstance in which the claim is rejected as particularly or entirely or simply disregarded by the other party. Claim is a demand of ones right, but disagreement is the difference in opinions of the parties. The contrasts between conflicts and disputes are useful for investigating the fact whether conflict is only inevitable or both conflict and dispute are inevitable. Conflicts are categorized into two which are functional and dysfunctional conflicts. Functional conflicts are the positive, manageable and productive ones which have outcome, but dysfunctional conflicts are non progressive, destructive and insufficiently managed ones which will lead to disputes. According to this perception conflict refers to disturbance of the human interactions. Conflicts must be managed whether they become functional or dysfunctional by the methods of domination, compromise and integration. These methods used can also be defined as avoidance of disputes. Disputes need third party resolving actions in other words an independent third party should accomplish to identify and contemplate main aspects and be able to affirm that a dispute is present, but it may not be as obvious as this especially in commercial projects where one party can cautiously prevent rejecting the claim, as the party may inquire supportive information about the claim. If the parties do not agree the claimant will hold right to arbitration which this will help the claimants who aimed to proceed their claims against the other partys delay strategy. As arbitration the other dispute resolution techniques are employed to bring disputes to a concluded and resolved status. 2. CONFLICT AND DISPUTES ARE INEVITABLE ON COMMERCIAL PROJECTS 2.1 Causes of Conflicts and Disputes Causes of conflict were analyzed by Thamhain and Wileman. According to their view three main sources of conflict are project priorities, project schedules and workforce where on these extents project managers have limited control. Furthermore, technical estimations, performance trade offs and administrative and organizational contention, cost and interpersonal disparities are other sources. From one stage to another in a project life cycle the causes of conflict change. Sources of conflict in each phase of the project life cycle were summarized by Thamhain et al. on the table below. In the beginning stage of the project, the ambiguity may be high. A successful commercial project relies upon the good communication between the client and the lender which is the project sponsor. The sponsor or client in the beginning phase whether may not have definite confidence of the project or they may have the certainty, but not sufficient communication is available. Subsequently, this sort of ambiguity will contribute conflict to emerge in the initiating phase. The uncertainty and risk in a project will lead to conflict, if these circumstances come into existence: Firstly if one of the probable events of risk develops and parties are affected through the consequence of this. Secondly, when a condition emerges in which either the risk applicable for the project had not been determined by the suffering party or risk had been characterized, but inadequate proceedings were achieved to reduce its effects. Thirdly, if there is a condition which the risk distribution between the par ties was not certainly set up as a primary issue. During the time in which ambiguity characterizes the initiating phase, negotiation and communication constitute the planning process. According to the table above, priority conflicts expand from the previous phase and additional to the priorities, technical requirement issues, schedule pressures and procedures are other sources of conflict in the planning phase. Good communication between project manager and resource manager is vital at this point, as conflicts normally emerge form the underestimation of project managers. Execution and Control stages in a commercial project lifecycle are interconnected with each other. During these phases, deadlines for delivering the services become more difficult to handle and labor demands and pressures from stakeholders increase. Conflict emerges in case which the expectations from the stakeholders are not operated suitably. Lastly, in the close out phase, schedules persist to be the principal factor for conflict, because pressure meeting the goals on time increases. Besides, concerns for a new project intensifies the personality associated conflicts, as oncoming new projects and incorporation of the personal back into factional divisions generate conflicts of labor force. The causes of disputes were analyzed by Groton et al. and according to his analyses cause of disputes are under one of these headings: Project Uncertainty: Uncertainty arising from pre-existing conditions, outside forces and the complexity which cause change beyond the expectations of the parties. Process Problems: Problems in the contracting process including contracts, incomplete scope definition, unrealistic expectations with regard to cost or completion date, and poor performance in the execution of the work. People issues: Issues and problems arising between people as a result of poor inter-personal skills, poor communication, lack of responsiveness and unethical or opportunist behavior. Taking lead from the analysis of Groton et al., it is seen that conflicts lie under the main causes of disputes. When the whole process of conflict and disputes are concerned, both arise from project uncertainty and during the project lifecycle both have similar sources in causing them to emerge. Accordingly, it is necessary to mention that disputes are the combinations of dysfunctional conflicts. 2.2 Functional and Dysfunctional Conflicts Functional and dysfunctional conflicts were described by Smith. Functional conflict was named by him as conflict (with a small c) and he continued that One party contends one thing, the other something else. It requires work by both parties to resolve. This inescapable consequence of a contract is therefore a functional conflict. Furthermore, he named dysfunctional conflict as conflict (with a capital C) and commented that if two parties are in ditch having a fight and one is on top of the other, they are both in ditch and they are both suffering. Some would define this as a dysfunctional conflict. Conflict can create two possibilities in a project which it can either develop confidence, creativity, team cohesiveness or as a second possibility it can harm personal relationships and professional relationships and increase employee turnover. Functional or dysfunctional conflicts arise from these possibilities. In the early theory, conflict was designated as a disruptive matter of fact which should be prevented. Three systems of dealing with conflict which are domination, compromise and integration were analyzed by Mary Parker Follett and supported by Glasl (1999). Domination is a win- lose situation where one party have more superiority than the other. Secondly, compromise is a lose-lose situation where both parties lose things without recording gains at the end of the process. Lastly integration which can be named as positive-sum is a win-win situation where both parties gain something without losing. Domination and compromise can cause further conflict, but integration is suggested by Follett as the best method in managing functional conflict. According to Gray et al. (2002), the management of dysfunctional conflict is much more challenging assignment than stimulating the functional conflict, because uncertain, unmanageable and unsettled conflicts (dysfunctional conflicts) give rise to disputes as stated by Robbins (2008). The contrast between conflict and dispute was explained by Burton (1993) by which disputes are disagreements which are able to be solved in a short period of time and conflicts are long term non negotiable issues which oppose against resolution. Moreover, it was stated that conflicts and disputes can be formed either interdependently or independently. In short, during the project lifecycle disputes which are short term disagreements can be present in the long term conflict process which demonstrated in the diagram below. Respectively, conflicts are inevitable and disputes should be avoided in a project. This was supported by De Bono (1985) who specified that conflict is inevitable but dispute is not. Furthermore, disputes appear in such a circumstance where conflicts can not be managed. Conforming to the diagram above, the whole process starts before the disagreements come into existence. The conflicts should be avoided in order to prevent disputes from emerging by using number of interconnected techniques which are risk analysis, procurement plans and contractual arrangements. The risk involved in a commercial project can be listed as technical, schedule, organizational and financial risks. The risks in these areas should be identified and allocated properly so that conflict will be avoided.

The Philosophical Investigations Essay examples -- Philosophy Philosop

The Philosophical Investigations ABSTRACT: The Philosophical Investigations is an inherently pedagogical work. Wittgenstein claims throughout his later writings to be teaching a method and this method is both philosophical and pedagogical. It is the claim of this paper that if we do not take Wittgenstein's methodological claim seriously, we do not engage with the text in the manner for which it was written. Consequently, we begin and end in the wrong places and the text becomes (in the words of Wittgenstein) 'variously misunderstood, more or less mangled and watered-down.' Â §1 is philosophically and pedagogically complex. It presents the philosophical problems to which Wittgenstein will respond in the text which follows and it also, significantly, presents their solution. An investigation of the philosophical and pedagogical questions raised in the opening remark of the Investigations will demonstrate that we have not yet begun to use Wittgenstein's method and his writings to their full potential. The Philosophical Investigations is an inherently pedagogical work. Wittgenstein claims throughout his later writings to be teaching a method, and this method is both philosophical and pedagogical. According to Moore and Fann he remarked to the effect that it did not matter whether his results were true or not, what mattered was that a method had been found (Moore 1993: 113). During the 1930s Wittgenstein also described the Investigations as a textbook; 'a textbook, however, not in that it provides knowledge (Wissen), but rather in that it stimulates thinking (Denken)'. (1) He claimed that the remarks which he wrote enabled him to teach philosophy well. (2) Although generally acknowledged within the secondary literature, these me... ...hers. Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1968) Philosophical Investigations, trans. G. E. M. Anscombe, Oxford: Basil Blackwell. __________ (1969) The Blue and Brown Books: Preliminary Studies for the 'Philosophical Investigations', Oxford: Basil Blackwell. __________ (1980) Culture and Value, eds. G. H. von Wright and H. Nyman, trans. P. Winch, Oxford: Basil Blackwell. __________ (1982) Wittgenstein's Lectures 1932-1935, ed. Alice Ambrose, Oxford: Basil Blackwell. __________ (1988) Wittgenstein's Lectures on Philosophical Psychology 1967-47, ed. P. T. Geach, London: Harvester Wheatsheaf. __________ (1993) Philosophical Occasions 1912-1951, eds J. Klagge and A. Nordman, Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company. __________ (1993) 'Philosophy' in Philosophical Occasions 1912-1951, eds J. Klagge and A. Nordman, Cambridge: Hackett Publishing Company.

Disease Outbreak :: Epidemic Short Story Essays

Disease Outbreak An inhuman sound disrupted my peaceful slumber. My eyes shifted slowly toward my clock. The red numbers confirmed my suspicion. "Christ," I thought to myself. "3:30 in the morning. This is going to be a bad day of work." I pushed my blankets off of me and sat up in bed. To my left, the sheets were already pushed back and Marissa was nowhere to be seen. At first, I didn't make the connection; I was too tired from working 12-hour shifts at the hospital and thinking was not my number one priority right now. With another intense day ahead of me, I wanted every second of sleep I could possibly take. I was about to fall asleep when the noise shook my soul again. It reminded me of a chain-smoker who suffered from emphysema. Now fully awake, I walked towards the bathroom. The noise appeared to come from there and as I approached closer, my heart began to race. Marissa was doubled over on the bathroom ground, moaning in deep physical pain. I quickly lifted up her body and held her in my arms. Her skin felt like fire as I held her up. She looked at me with glassy eyes and mumbled, "Rick, I don't feel too good." "Just try to be quiet and let me take care of you. You probably have just a stomach flu, nothing else." I was trying to convince myself more than her. Cautiously, I began to [keep] a simple checkup on her. Her pulse was racing, well above any healthy level. She appeared to suffer from stomach pains and peered into the toilet and despite its soupy appearance still had the faint appearance of last night's dinner. "It's just a stomach flu, right?" That is what her symptoms told me, but something was wrong with it. Marissa was the perfect picture of health. She always liked to do nature walks, go to the gym regularly, and followed a balanced diet. Deep down, I knew that if it was the stomach flu, I would be suffering from it too. My mind jumped back to the hospital locker room wall where a notice hung in bold red letters: "WARNING! Be extra cautious with patients showing flu and stomach flu like symptoms. Disease Outbreak :: Epidemic Short Story Essays Disease Outbreak An inhuman sound disrupted my peaceful slumber. My eyes shifted slowly toward my clock. The red numbers confirmed my suspicion. "Christ," I thought to myself. "3:30 in the morning. This is going to be a bad day of work." I pushed my blankets off of me and sat up in bed. To my left, the sheets were already pushed back and Marissa was nowhere to be seen. At first, I didn't make the connection; I was too tired from working 12-hour shifts at the hospital and thinking was not my number one priority right now. With another intense day ahead of me, I wanted every second of sleep I could possibly take. I was about to fall asleep when the noise shook my soul again. It reminded me of a chain-smoker who suffered from emphysema. Now fully awake, I walked towards the bathroom. The noise appeared to come from there and as I approached closer, my heart began to race. Marissa was doubled over on the bathroom ground, moaning in deep physical pain. I quickly lifted up her body and held her in my arms. Her skin felt like fire as I held her up. She looked at me with glassy eyes and mumbled, "Rick, I don't feel too good." "Just try to be quiet and let me take care of you. You probably have just a stomach flu, nothing else." I was trying to convince myself more than her. Cautiously, I began to [keep] a simple checkup on her. Her pulse was racing, well above any healthy level. She appeared to suffer from stomach pains and peered into the toilet and despite its soupy appearance still had the faint appearance of last night's dinner. "It's just a stomach flu, right?" That is what her symptoms told me, but something was wrong with it. Marissa was the perfect picture of health. She always liked to do nature walks, go to the gym regularly, and followed a balanced diet. Deep down, I knew that if it was the stomach flu, I would be suffering from it too. My mind jumped back to the hospital locker room wall where a notice hung in bold red letters: "WARNING! Be extra cautious with patients showing flu and stomach flu like symptoms.

Increasing Student Achievement through Preventing School Violence Essay

Increasing Student Achievement through Preventing School Violence Introduction School violence is any type of violence, whether it is a simple threat on another student or a school shooting, that happens in the school environment. Student achievement is the efforts made by the student to work hard in the classroom. The purpose of this research paper is to examine how school violence impacts student achievement. It would seem that school violence would have a negative impact on student achievement. If this is the case then we need to do what we can to prevent violence in schools. Technology can be used to help control school violence. Information on School Violence Violence in our schools has become an increasing problem. Within the United States alone, there have been approximately twenty-two school shootings since 1978 (Cruz, 2002, p. 53-54). Eighteen of the twenty-two occurred during the 1990’s. It has been approximated that â€Å"a school crime occurs every six seconds† (Day, 1996, p. 9). We must ask ourselves why school violence has flourished. When we try to answer this question, we tend to blame society. Violence in the media seems to be the number one cause for violence in the school. However, society and media are not the only things to blame. There are so many reasons for why school violence has become increasingly more popular, but there is one thing that can be said for sure is that our students need to be able to learn and work in a safe environment. The need to create â€Å"a school environment that is free of violence and drugs has become a public priority† (Flannery, 2000). People need to pull together as a community and help in the fight against school violence. We need to give students... ...zine/vault/A2857.cfm 24. The site describes how we can use technology to help prevent school violence. The article discusses some of the technologies being used to prevent violence in the school system. Also, the site gives a list of ways to assess the technologies being used as a solution to prevent violence. 25. Thompson, R. (2000). Promoting Academic Achievement and Safe Schools. Retrieved April 24, 2004 from http://www.nationalcenter.org/P21NVThompsonViolence600.html 26. The author discusses ways of trying to promote academic achievement and safer schools. 27. The author also realizes that the only way to make sure that students succeed is to make sure that their schools are safe. 28. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2002). School Violence Prevention. Retrieved April 25, 2004 from http://www.mentalhealth.samhsa.gov/schoolviolence/

Best Buy Market Segmentation

Best Buy Canada Ltd is a fully owned subsidiary of Best Buy Co. Inc with its headquarter in Burnaby, BC. Best Buy Co. Inc acquired the Canada-based electronics-chain Future Shop Inc in 2001. The company opened its first Canadian Best Buy store in Mississauga, Ontario the following year. 1 Today, with more than 51 stores across Canada, Best Buy Canada has become the fastest growing and the largest retailers and e-tailers of consumer electronics, entertainment products, accessories and services in Canada. 2 There are many reasons to which we chose Best Buy Canada as our research subject. First of all, it is a very well known retailer and can be easily related to. Secondly, the company fits well in our research structure and many of the concepts in marketing applies to Best Buy Canada as well. Lastly, we believe Best Buy Canada is largely an ethical and socially responsible company that has brought positive impact throughout our community. Best Buy Canada’s mission statement and objective is â€Å"To improve people's lives by making technology and entertainment products affordable and easy to use†. The four core values of the company are â€Å"Having fun while being the best†, â€Å"Learning from challenge and change†, â€Å"Showing respect, humility and integrity† and â€Å"Unleashing the power of our people† 4 In addition to being the biggest retailer of consumer electronics like big screen TVs, computers, cameras and entertainment products i n Canada, Best Buy Canada also has many exclusive brands such as Insignia, Dynex and RocketFish etc . covering a wide range of electronic products and accessories. Geek Squad – a 24 hour computer repair and tech support taskforce, enables Best Buy to offer its customers convenient installation and repair services. Since Best Buy Canada itself does not produce any real products, we are interested in the way Best Buy runs its retail business in the consumer electronics market. We are also interest in how Best Buy Canada attracts different groups of people with different needs and analyze its marketing strategy for staying competitive in the market.

Foster Care: a Social Injustice Essay

The United States foster care system is classified as a social injustice in the following ways: * Once a child in foster care turns 18, they age out of the system. This means that they no longer receive help from Child Protective Services. (CPS) * Children in foster care are often treated unfairly because of their background and health problems. Many children end up in shelters or foster homes that don’t take care of them. * Biological parents of foster children cause many problems for their children. Severe emotional, behavioral, and developmental issues affect around 30% of these children. Such problems are another reason why people treat foster children differently. Children are placed in foster care after they are removed from their homes. They are removed for numerous reasons such as abuse, neglect, drug/alcohol abuse, or any other reason CPS finds to take a child. * There are about 10,000 currently in foster care just in Arizona alone. The case load has exceeded its limit by 62%. There aren’t enough homes to house all of these children. To help this social injustice, families volunteer to become certified foster families to foster children. The process is very long and takes time before they are allowed to foster. Organizations such as Casa de los Nià ±os, the Blake Foundation, and Children’s Advocacy Center work with CPS to help foster families take care of the children. Law enforcement, daycares, the Juvenile Court Center, transportation/supervision companies, and the Foster Care Review Board are also very involved in the foster care system. Based on the history of this failing system, I believe we study history to learn from our mistakes. With more knowledge, we should be able to better help the parents and keep their children from abuse, neglect, and death. In Arizona, 23 children were killed by their parents in 2010. Hopefully in the future we can have no child die while in foster care.

The Harvard University

To be what we are today, we all have our own stories to tell and personal struggles and sacrifices that we make. Some times we are just luck. Different legislators belong to different political parties so do their views, principles and backgrounds. We are going to examine two prominent personalities. First, let us look at senator Barrack Peters who is a son of an African migrant. Senator Barrack was borne forty six years ago in Illions state, his father was an African migrant who had gone in America and acquired an American citizenship then he married an American wife.As a child Barrack went to American school and performed well. He got a scholarship and proceeded to study law at the Harvard University. Where he was actively involved in students’ leadership and was the president of student union at the university. After graduating with an honors degree, Barrack worked for an American civil society group. He later joined a famous law firm called Young, Lawrence and associates w here he worked in the civil cases department. It is here that he met his wife Julia, who was working with another law firm as a clerk. After working here for ten years he left and formed his own law firm.During the same period he also got involved in politics and decided to join the democrats. His friends and wife encouraged him to go an elective position. During the next election he contested for the senator seat on a democrat ticket and was elected with a land slide. On the other hand, let us examine senator Arnold Sorio, a man who nobody imagined could be a senator. Arnold was borne fifty years ago, he was the sixth in a family of eight, his parents were very poor and his father used to work in a coal mine. The mother washed dishes in a near by hotel to supplement the father.As a child Arnold knew that everything was a struggle, he had to work as child assisting the mother in her duties at the hotel and at the same time attend school. So he went joined high school, he had to take part time jobs to pay fees as his parents could not afford to pay him. He managed to finish and joined college. In college he studied arts and drama as he loved acting and music. He had always dreamed to be an actor as this made him forget the hard times he was experiencing. After college Arnold joined a local drama group and performed in local hotels.The money he earned was very little and with pressure from his parents to assist them he couldn’t manage. Arnold decided to try his luck in Los Angles where he went. Life here become very difficult has he could not get a breakthrough to the movies where he really wanted to be. He was forced to do odd jobs to make ends meet. Two years later at thirty he got a chance to play a small role in a movie that was being shot in Los angles. The producer of the movie was so much impressed with his acting, and promised to give him a bigger role in a movie he was producing next.Soon Arnold was being sought by many film producers and he beca me a house hold name. It was with a big surprise when Arnold announced that he was quitting acting and the big screen and he is joining the Republican Party and that he was going to contest the New York seat as a senator. Every body thought what a joke an actor being a senator! But then Arnold did his home work nicely and beat his other contenders and he his now Senator Arnold Sorio. The senator is married to a former model Miss Brittney and has two beautiful daughters. These two senators have a different background and are in opposite political parties.They have different perspective of looking at national issues. Take war in Iraq, Senator Barrack believes that this war should not have happened, that American need to pull out its troops as soon as possible, as the war is draining the country resources both financial and in terms of personnel. He also reasons that this war seems not to have an end as the Iraqis themselves are not taking the initiative to end the war. The senator als o agues that the foreign polices of America should change has they have created more enmity than friendship.On the contrary Senator Arnold beliefs that the war was good for American has it removed a dictator from power. He argues that only change of regime was needed and nothing else. He also points out that American has a responsibility to bring order in Iraq and therefore the troops should stay in Iraq until order is restored. As for the resources being incurred he argues that democracy has a very big price and sacrifices must be made to gain it. When it comes to tax, Senator Barrack has a view that low income earners should be exempted from paying tax or be given tax relieves.He believes that the poor are taxed more than the rich and argue that the government should take decisive tax measures. In this way he predicts the economy will grow faster as more money will be left to the people who will then invest it. He also points out that, the living standard has shot up and yet more tax is paid; instead he proposes that the burden of tax should be reduced. On the other hand, Senator Arnold opposes the move saying that the government needs more revenue to provide services to the public.Therefore, he points out that tax relieves should not be there and instead more tax should be paid. He argues out that, for economy to grow better infrastructures and social amenities must be put in place and the government requires funds to build these infrastructures. The senator states that, good governments can only operate well when they have resources and those resources come from the people. He lastly argues that tax relieve should not be there as money that government collect in form of taxes goes back to the public in form of better services.

Mali Empire and New World Encyclopedia Essay

Timbuktu was established by the Taureg, a nomadic group, in the tenth- eleventh century along the caravan routes that were along the west coast of Africa (New World Encyclopedia 2007). Timbuktu was in a good spot for trade but not for defending against attacks, and Timbuktu was constantly attacked by Taureg raiders (New World Encyclopedia 2007). Timbuktu was never able to grow due to the raids, but Gao, Timbuktu’s neighboring city grew to be the political capital (New World Encyclopedia 2007). As Timbuktu developed and became a city that traded gold, ivory, slaves, and salt Timbuktu became immensely wealthy (New World Encyclopedia 2007). Since Timbuktu was so wealthy it was a target for many European empires seeking wealth (New World Encyclopedia 2007). It started to decline in the 16th century by the Portuguese traders choosing to send the goods upriver instead of down river (New World Encyclopedia 2007). As Timbuktu developed into a more intellectual center in the early 15th century it became known for its religious study of Islam (New World Encyclopedia 2007). While Islam was the main religion of Timbuktu, most of the rural population were non-Muslim traditionalists (New World Encyclopedia 2007). The University of Sankore, also known as the most prominent Islamic institution, was established in 1581 C. E. and taught mostly centered around the Qur’an (New World Encyclopedia 2007). In Timbuktu there were more than 120 library’s in which housed millions of books, and some of which have not been found yet (New World Encyclopedia 2007). As stories of Timbuktu’s wealth reached Europe many explorers journeyed downward into Africa to have their own taste of the wealth (Timbuktu: The El Dorado of Africa 2013). As countless European explorers journeyed to Timbuktu and never returned The Geographic Society of Paris offered a reward to whatever explorer that could make it there and 2 back and live to tell the tale (Timbuktu: The El Dorado of Africa 2013). The first explorer to reach Timbuktu was Gordon Laing in 1826, but he didn’t make it back alive (Timbuktu: The El Dorado of Africa 2013). The first explorer to reach Timbuktu was Rene-Auguste Caillie in 1828, by disguising himself as an Arab traveling in a caravan (Timbuktu: The El Dorado of Africa 2013). When Rene returned to Europe he wrote three volumes over how unimpressed he was about the city in that it being a mud-walled city, in the middle of the desert, and not having any gold (Timbuktu: The El Dorado of Africa 2013). Although in 1512 when Timbuktu was at its peak and Leo Africanus visited he stated: The rich king of Tombuto hath many plates and sceptres of gold, some whereof weigh 1300 pounds†¦ He hath always 3000 horsemen†¦ (and) a great store of doctors, judges, priests, and other learned men, that are bountifully maintained at the king’s expense. (New World Encyclopedia 2007) Although from Shabeni’s point of view of Timbuktu in 1787 he stated: On the east side of the city of Timbuctoo, there is a large forest, in which are a great many elephants. The timber here is very large. The trees on the outside of the forest are remarkable†¦ they are of such a size that the largest cannot be girded by two men. They bear a kind of berry about the size of a walnut, in clusters consisting of from ten to twenty berries. Shabeeny cannot say what is the extent of this forest, but it is very large. (New World Encyclopedia 2007) In 1591 Timbuktu started to slowly decline due to the Morisco mercenaries armed with guns (New World Encyclopedia 2007). One of the few reasons Timbuktu is still in existence is 3 because it is a major tourist attraction that attracts people from all over the world to see the mystical city (New World Encyclopedia 2007). 4 Alistair Boddy-Evans (2013). Timbuktu: The El Dorado of Africa. [ONLINE] Available at: http://africanhistory. about. com/od/mali/p/Timbuktu. htm. [Last Accessed September 10 2013]. unknown (2007). Timbuktu. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www. newworldencyclopedia. org/entry/Timbuktu. [Last Accessed September 10 2013]. unknown (2013). Sankore Madrasah. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sankore_Madrasah. [Last Accessed Sepember 10 2013].

Biovail Case

One truck can definately carry $10 million worth of Wellbutrin XL tablet product. 2. How should the company recognize revenue based upon the two possible FOB contract structures mentioned in the case? Since Biovail’s stock is publically owned it needs to file its financial statements with the SEC. The SEC requires that it abide by GAAP. GAAP requires that revenue be recognized when it is earned or realized. Meaning that the company has done everything it is supposed to do; which would include shipment. So Biovail should recognize revenue once its products have reached the Distributor’s FOB. 3. How does the accident affect the stated revenues under different FOB contract structures? Explain your reasoning? If Biovail recognizes revenues when the product leaves Biovail’s FOB shipping point then it is recognizing revenue before it has been earned and realized. Thus abusing accounting accruals and overstating revenues and net income on financial statements, consequently giving stakeholders misleading information. On the other hand, if Biovail recognizes revenue when the product has reached the Distributor’s FOB destination it has recognized revenue when it has been earned and will accurately state revenues and net income on its financial statements. 4. Are you concerned about the company’s treatment of analysts who cover the stock? Would you want to be an analyst covering this company? Yes, it is of concern that Biovail would single out analysts who would downgrade stock recommendations. I would not want to be an analyst covering their stock because it would put me in an uncomfortable position. If there was evidence that Biovail had misleading financial statements my integrity would tell me to tell the truth and give an honest recommendation. However, I would be worried because I would not want an investigation tainting my innocent name and leading to separation from my employment.

Leaderhip and Management in Resusitation Essay

Leaderhip and Management in Resusitation - Essay Example 2013, ‘Effects of team coordination during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A systematic review of the literature’, Jounal of Critical Care, 28(4), pp. 504- 521. 47 Cooper, S & Wakelam, A, 1999, ‘Leadership of resuscitation teams: ‘Lighthouse Leadership’, Resuscitation, 42(1), pp. 27 -45. 47 Daft, R.L. 2000, Management. 5th ed. Philadelphia: The Dryden Press. 47 Dyson, E., & Smith, G. B. 2002, ‘Common faults in resuscitation equipment—guidelines for checking equipment and drugs used in adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation’, Resuscitation, 55(2), pp. 137 -149. 48 Jarman, H. 2009, ‘Sharing expertise—Using clinical nursing rounds to improve UK emergency nursing practice’, Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal, 12 (3), pp. 73 -77. 48 Sarcevic, A., Marsic, I., Waterhouse, L.J., Stockwell, D.C., & Burd, R.S, 2011, ‘Leadership structures in emergency care settings: A study of two trauma centers’, Internationa l Journal of Medical Informatics, 80(4), pp. 227 – 238. 51 Sarcevic, A., Palen, L.A., & Burd, R.S., 2011, ‘Coordinating Time-Critical Work with Role-Tagging’, CSCW, pp. 465 – 474. 51 Sellgren, S., Ekvall. G., & Tomson, G. 2006, ‘Leadership styles in nursing management: preferred and perceived’, Journal of Nursing Management, 14, pp. 348 -355. 51 Settervall, C.H., Domingues Cde, A., Sousa, R.M., & Nogueira Lde, S. 2012, ‘Preventable trauma deaths’, Rev Saude Publica, 46, pp. 367–375 51 Svavarsdottir, H. , &  Brattebo, G. 2011, ‘Team training – The BEST approach to continuing education in resuscitation', Clin Pediatr, 50 (9), pp. 807 – 815. 51 transactional leadership: Similarities, differences, and correlations with job satisfaction 52 List of Figures and Tables Figure 1 Theoretical Framework p. 10 Figure 2 Servant Leadership and Nursing p. 26 Figure 3 Servant-Leader: Model p. 28 Figure 4 Resuscitation Officer’s Functions p. 29 Figure 5 Resuscitation Officer as Servant-Leader p. 35 Figure 6 Resuscitation Officer as Nursing Leader p. 42 Table 1 Comparison p. 25 Table 2 The Commonality p. 43 Resuscitation Department: Nurse Leadership and Management 1. Introduction Emergency and Resuscitation Department (ERD) is considered as the face of the hospital (Nugus and Braithwaite, 2010). They provide the initial care that the patient requires, whether it is an injury that is life threatening or an illness that needs immediate medical attention. In this condition, emergency and resuscitation department is considered as one of the most stressful section of the hospital. Since, in the midst of high tension because of the heightened vulnerated condition of the patient (Rosen et al., 2008), the healthcare team must provide proper resuscitation measures in order ensure that no valuable time is lost in saving the patient (Svavarsdottir  and Brattebo, 2010). Loss of time and error in the R esuscitation Department are paid dearly by the patient’s increased risk of morbidity (Rosen et al., 2008). In this scenario, there is an incessant demand for the healthcare team in the ERD to hone not only their specific individual and professional skills, but that they should learn to coordinate and work effectively as a team (Cooper and Wakelam, 1999; Sarcevic, Marsic, Waterhouse, Stockwell, and Burd, 2011). The high stress scenario of ERD is not an imagined reality. In fact, it is an actuality that is encountered daily by